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Dr. D. Srikanth, Sr. Consultant Pediatrician & Neonatologist, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad.
We all are aware of diabetes in adult but type 1 diabetes in children is a growing concern which requires multidisciplinary approach for early recognition ,long term management and prevention of complications.
DISEASE BURDEN:
ICMR states that there are around 95,600 children living with Type 1 diabetes in India and the number isgrowing at 16,000 new cases per year adding to the existing burden.
WHAT IS DIABETES ?
Normally after a meal glucose levels rise in the blood stream, which depends on the type of meal we consume ( low glycemic index foods produce slow and sustained release of glucose, high glycemic index foods causes sudden high peak in sugar levels in the blood).Pancreatic cells detect glucose levels in the blood and release insulin.
Insulin act at cellular level and help in utilisation of glucose for energy.
In type 1 diabetes Insulin production from pancreas is affected which inturn reduces the glucose utilisation by cells and hence increasing the glucose levels which is the main culprit for the symptoms and complications of diabetes.
As the cells are unable to utilize glucose for their energy needs an alternate source of energy like fat is utilized leading to production of ketones, a type of acid.
RISK FACTORS
HOW TO RECOGNISE CHILDREN WITH DIABETES:
IF NOT RECOGNISED EARLY:
Majority of children present with complcations of type 1 diabetes commonly diabetic ketoacidosis manifesting as vomitings, nausea, pain in abdomen, dehydration, fast breathing and rarely coma.
Symptoms of hypoglycemia also need to be looked for.
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF DIABETES:
LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION AND PROPER DIET PLAN:
Dietary modifications poses a challenge in diabetic child as we need to balance the nutritional demand
Management of diabetes is a life time commitment .It needs supervision and compassion from parents and health care providers.
Body’s major organs may be impacted by type 1 diabetes. Most of the time, maintaining blood sugar levels close to normal can significantly lower the chance of developing a variety of issues.
SOME COMPLICATIONS INCLUDE:
YOU CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF DIABETIC PROBLEMS IN YOUR CHILD BY:
HOW TO TREAT:
The cornerstone of treatment for type 1 diabetes is insulin. Adherence to treatment and regular monitoring are the main determinants of long term benefits and prevention of complications.
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Views expressed above are the author’s own.
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