Long-term complications of early onset of Type-2 Diabetes in youth – Times of India

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Prof. Ashok Rattan, Chairman Medical Committee, Redcliffe Labs
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the significant health risk factors and health killers in India. India has now become the Diabetes Capital of the World, with the second-highest population affected with Diabetes after China.
As per the data revealed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), one in every four (25.3%) young adults (below 25 years of age) in India has Type-2 diabetes, which shortens their life span.
Type 2 diabetes, earlier, used to be a disease in adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, or inactivity. Today, it is taking a deeper root in young ones due to poor or sedentary lifestyles, junk eating habits, and, most importantly, not giving enough importance to preventive screening.
The Reason for Long-Term Complications with T2DM:
Diabetes is all about chronic high blood sugar, which leads to systemic metabolic failure and, ultimately, lower insulin levels.
The early onset of Diabetes affects the youth in their most productive years. If it is not managed with proper diagnosis and necessary treatment in the early years, it might lead to the risk of developing chronic complications.
Depending on the levels of sugar, there might be a severe risk to different organs of the body. Some of the common complications that might be a result of Type-2 Diabetes are high cholesterol, blocked heart and blood vessels, risk of heart stroke, nerve damage, kidney disease, high blood pressure, impaired vision, or even premature death.
Tips to Manage the Risk of Type-2 Diabetes:
We all know the risk factors of Type-2 Diabetes but what is important is how to manage it to minimize the risks.
The National Health Mission and the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) provide a framework for handling chronic Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs).
The way to control the risk of Type-2 Diabetes or any other NCD is a three-step procedure that includes Screening, Early Detection, and finally, Management with proper medical assistance.
Apart from that, reducing weight in obese patients can control diabetes. Type-2 Diabetes can also result from cancer treatment, kidney failure, or other chronic diseases. In such cases, the treatment depends on a particular condition and should be handled individually as per the expert advice of the clinician.
For Type-2 Diabetes, the launch of modern insulins, both long-acting and short-acting, has increased the flexibility of dosing and better control of blood glucose with reduced chances of hypoglycemia.
Transformations in insulin pumps have also led to better management of blood sugar control in children and adolescents with Type-1 diabetes.
Role of Primary Healthcare Services or Diagnostic Industry in Handling T2DM or Other Chronic NCDs:
Earlier, primary healthcare services aimed at prevention, detection, and management of malnutrition and infectious diseases. Although the prevalence of these problems is much less over the years, it is still significant.
Currently, the burden of NCDs like hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers is much higher in all socio-economic groups, degrading the wellness conditions of the country. Therefore, primary health services are entirely oriented toward screening and early detection of the NCDs.
Regarding the diagnostics status in India, most of the surveys conducted for diabetes screening reflect 15-25% of individuals were diagnosed with diabetes, and many of these individuals were asymptomatic.
Both Indian (RSSDI) and international scientific associations (ADA, AACE, EASD, IDF) offer similar guidelines for screening risk factors for diabetes.
The guidelines convey that every individual shall opt for periodic diabetes screening. Either you shall visit the nearest diagnostic center, or it can be done quickly using a glucometer.
There is no denying the fact that the primary abnormality in diabetes is chronic high blood sugar. However, the successful management of diabetes is possible by reasonably controlling other health-related factors like blood pressure, checking lipid profile, maintaining an active lifestyle, eating healthy food, avoiding alcohol and drug consumption, and most importantly, reducing stress, which can help prevent complications and premature death and help lead a productive life with the disease.
In India, a larger proportion (about 3/4th) of diabetes is managed by primary care, family, and general physicians.
Only a minimum percentage of the population has access to a diabetologist or endocrinologist, that too, mainly in urban areas. To improve diabetes management and reduce the mortality rate, there is a need to educate and train primary caregivers about the recent advances in diabetes management.
We all run after wealth, compromising our health, but let’s not forget that there must be a proper balance. If we are not yet awake, all this wealth will go in vain on hospital beds. It’s time to take charge of health for you and your loved ones. It takes only one minute for a preventive health check-up. If we cannot devote this one minute, we might need to spend a year in a hospital or, in the worst situation, lose our only life.
Live to the fullest.
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Views expressed above are the author’s own.
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